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Discover Bengal · Unfolded

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1971: A Global History of the Creation of Bangladesh

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Srinath Raghavan

Global perspective on the war across India, Pakistan, the U.S., USSR, and China.

Est. 1947 · Bengal✺A Bilingual Archive

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1971

Liberation War

The Liberation War of 1971 grew out of the denied majority verdict of the 1970 election, the March non-cooperation movement, and the Pakistan Army's 25 March crackdown. What followed was not a single battlefield episode but a combined political, military, and humanitarian rupture: a provisional government, sector-based armed resistance, mass displacement into India, and finally the defeat of Pakistani forces in December and the birth of Bangladesh.

March-April 1971

Declaration and Proclamation of Independence

Between late March and April 1971, Bangladesh's independence struggle moved from mass resistance to an explicit claim of statehood. The declaration of independence issued in Sheikh Mujibur Rahman's name after the 25 March crackdown, followed by the formal Proclamation of Independence adopted by the provisional leadership, gave the war a constitutional language, a legal rationale, and an organizing political center.